A global “plastics crisis” is costing governments and taxpayers $1.5 trillion annually as they try to cope with the escalating injury, disability and death caused by the substance polluting our land, sea and bodies, according to a new report by a leading medical journal.
Plastic production is on course to triple by 2060, less than 10% of it is recycled, and around 8,000 megatons now pollute the planet, according to a review of recent studies published Sunday by The Lancet.
This causes harm at every stage of its lifecycle: from the extraction of fossil fuels and production, to its use by humans and eventual disposal into the environment, the British publication said.
“Plastics are a grave, growing, and under-recognised danger to human and planetary health,” it said. “Plastics cause disease and death from infancy to old age” and are “contributing to climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss.”
These harms “fall disproportionately upon low-income and at-risk populations,” it added.
People on boats collect recyclable plastics from the heavily polluted Citarum River in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, last June. (Timur Matahari / AFP via Getty Images)
This is the latest dire warning by experts about the ubiquity and threat posed by plastic, which journal called “the defining material of our age.” After decades of scientists warning about plastic being found in the oceans and rivers, microplastics are now being discovered inside humans — including in breast milk and brain tissue.
Sunday’s release marked the start of a new monitoring system called “The Lancet Countdown on health and plastics,” which it says will track political attempts to combat the problem.
It was launched to coincide with the latest and final round of talks in Geneva, Switzerland, where 175 countries are trying to forge the world’s first Global Plastics Treaty.
Campaigners hope the talks, starting Tuesday through Aug. 14, will result in mandatory targets for reducing plastic production. A group of countries, including China, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia, have so far opposed these measures, instead lobbying for increased plastic recycling instead.
According to The Lancet, such petrochemical giants are a “key driver” of spiraling plastic production, as they pivot their businesses toward plastic in response to the global decline in demand for fossil energy.
Different plastics are made from up to 16,000 chemicals, which “enter the human body via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal absorption,” often from food and drink containers and packaging, the study said.
Unborn babies, infants and young children are “especially at risk,” with harms including miscarriage, physical malformations, reduced cognitive function and diabetes, it said. For adults, the risks include cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer.
“Given the considerable gaps in knowledge of plastic chemicals, it is reasonable to conclude that the full extent of these chemicals’ harms to health is underestimated and that the burden of disease currently attributed to them is undercounted,” it added.
The Lancet quoted one study estimating the global costs of these diseases as $1.5 trillion.
“It is now clear that the world cannot recycle its way out of the plastic pollution crisis,” The Lancet said. “Control of the plastics crisis will require continuing research coupled with the science-driven interventions — laws, policies, monitoring, enforcement, incentives, and innovations.”
This article was originally published on NBCNews.com
